4G TECHNOLOGY

4 GENERATION TECHNOLOGY

A.    INTRODCTION

4G is the fourth generation of wireless mobile telecommunications technology, succeeding 3G. A 4G system must provide capabilities defined by ITU in IMT Advanced. Potential and current applications include amended mobile web access, IP telephony, gaming services, high-definition mobile TV, video conferencing, 3D television.

The Fourth Generation of mobile networks will truly turn the current mobile phone networks in to end IP based networks. Every device in the world will have a unique IP address that allows full IP based communications from a mobile device right to the core of the internet and back out again. 4G is set to deliver 100Mbps to a roaming mobile device globally and up to 1 Gbps to a stationary device. It won’t be just the phone networks that need to evolve, increased traffic load on the Internet as a whole will need to expand, with faster backbones and a link requiring major upgrade.4G Bandwidth will always be the main factor in the development of application and devices. 3G networks are clear, it’s just not fast enough, and offering 384kbps doesn’t meet the requirement of the most users. The evolution from 3G to 4G will be driven by services that offer better quality of video & sound. Greater bandwidth, more sophistication in the association of a large quantity of information. 4G will encompass all systems from various networks public and private operator-driven broadband networks to personal area and ad hoc networks.

Some possible standards for the 4G system are 802.20, WiMAX, HSDPA, UMTS and other proprietary network from Flarion technologies and Navini Networks. India China and Japan are striving to implement 4G in full scale.

B.     EVOLUTION OF WIRELESS DATA SERVICES

At the end of the 1940’s the first radio telephone service was designed for users in the car to the public landline based telephone network.

-          Zero generation technology (0G): 0G refers to pre-cell phone mobile technology. Being the predecessors of the first generation of cellular telephones. The system is called 0g. Technologies used in 0G system included PTT (push to talk), MTS (mobile telephone system), IMTS (improve mobile telephone services), and AMTS (advanced mobile telephone system).

-          First generation technology (1G): 1G refers to the first generation of wireless telecommunication technology, more popularly known as cell phones. Through 1G, a voice call gets modulated to a higher frequency of about 150 MHz and up as it is transmitted between radio towers using a technique called FDMA

-          Second generation technology (2G):

·         2G first appeared around late 1980’s; 2G system digitized the voice signal, as well as the control link. It provides the facility of short message service (SMS) unlike 1G that had its prime focus on verbal communication. Depend the type of multiplexing used 2G technologies can be divided into TDMA and CDMA. A typical 2G GSM network service uses 800/900 or 1800/1900 frequency spectrum. Data rate of GSM is 9.6kbps. The bandwidth of 2G is 30-200 KHz.

·         2.5G- GPRS (General Packet Radio Service): which are standing for second and a half generations are a cellular wireless technology developed in between2g and 3g. Data rate of GPRS are ~115kbps. It can be used for ser vices such as wireless application protocol access, multimedia messaging services and for accessing internet.

·         2.75- EDGE (Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution): EDGE (EGPRS) is an abbreviation for enhanced Data Rate for GSM evolution is a digital mobile phone technology invented by AT &T. The modulation bit rate is 810 kbps. It offers a data rate of 384 kbps, theoretically up to 473.6kbps.

-          Third Generation Technology (3G): 3G refers to a networking standard in cell phone technology that is capable of providing high –speed data service for mobile device. 3g wireless networks become more widespread you could finally connect to and use the Internet at particular speeds (with 3G enable Smartphone).

-          Fourth Generation Technology (4G): 4G mobile data protocol. But a growing band of 4G users will tell you, it’s all about speed. LTE stands for Long term evolution. 4G Smart-phone on version’s 4G LTE networks means you can download files from the Internet up to 10 times faster than 3G. With 4G LTE using the web from your phones becomes as pleasurable as using it from your home computer.

C.        FEATURES OF 4G

-          An infrastructure to handle pre-existing 3G system along with other wireless technologies, some of which are currently under development.

-          Support interactive multimedia

-          User friendly

-          Terminal heterogeneous

-          Network heterogeneous

-          Multi-standard wireless system

-          Lower cost than previous generations

-          A spectral efficient system

-          High network capacity i.e. more simultaneous users per cell

-          A nominal data rate of 100 Mbps while the client physically moves at high speed relative to the station, 1Gbps while the client and station are in relatively fixed positions as defined by ITU

-          Global mobile access (terminal and personal mobility)

-          High quality of service

-          Better use of multimedia applications

  

D.        APPLICATIONS OF 4G

-          Virtual presence: 4G system gives mobile users a virtual presence. Example video conferencing.

-          Virtual  navigation: remote  database  contains  the  graphical  representation of  streets,  buildings and  physical characteristics of a large metropolis.

-          Tele Geo-processing: Queries dependent on location information of several users in addition to temporal aspects have many application e.g. GIS, GPS.

E.          ADVANTAGES OF 4G

-          Pure Data Networks: 4G network is an all-IP based data network. A completely data based network will allow for more bandwidth which means more data can be passed through the network.

-          More devices and Application: 4G network devices can take advantages of the higher bandwidth and speed to deliver more robust and data application.

-          Speed:  Theoretical speed of 4G has been suggested that data rates up to 100 Mbps for high mobility and 1Gbps for low mobility should be the target value.

-          Hand off: The improved 4G network standards will allow for smooth hand off from one coverage area to another without interruption to any ongoing data transfer.

-          Faster response time: One benefits of 4G technology are faster response time or lower latency.

F.           DISADVANTAGES OF 4G

-          Capable of being attacked (jamming frequencies).

-          Theft of Service (ToS) and Denial of Service (DoS) attacks are a large possibility.

-          Spam over Internet Telephony (SPIT); essentially being spammed through VoIP.

G.    CONCLUSION

4G technology is still relatively new that provides high speed data rate to mobile devices. It consists of the LTE and WiMAX network. 4G networks are prone to many security threats due to the open nature of the architecture and standards. 4Gcan be described in one word “MAGIC”, which stands for: Mobile Multimedia Anytime anywhere global mobility support Integrated wireless and personalized services. The fourth generation technology promises to full fill the goal of PCC which stands for personal computing and communication. A vision that provides affordable high data rates everywhere over a wireless network. 4g seem to be a very promising generation of wireless communication which will change people’s life in the wireless world. This technology will be deployed in the world market soon.

H.    REFERENCE

[1]  Afaq  H.Khan,  Mohamamed A.Qadder, Juned  A.Ansari,  sariya  Waheed,  “4G  as  next  generation  wireless network”.

[2]   Krunal N.chandewar, Amit N.Sangole, Shailesh S.Shekapure, “3G/4G network evolution”.

[3]   Aakash Mehta, Bhaumik Chaudhari, “4G technology”.

[4]    Pratishruti Saxena, Dr.Sanjay Kumar, “Challenges & Evolution of Next Generation in Mobile Communication Network”.